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À propos de Thèbes ΎΠΟΠΛΑΚΊΗ: La critique moderne tend à situer Thèbes Ύποπλακίη, la capitale des Ciliciens, d’après une vision « restrictive » de la guerre de Troie et de son étendue réelle.Toutefois, si nous nous fixons l’objectif de déterminer – au-delà des exigences poétiques d’insérer plusieurs événements dans un cadre unitaire – les témoignages objectifs que l’épos homérique nous offre – enrichis par les données de la tradition – relatifs à Thèbes Ύποπλακίη apparaîtront sous un jour tout à fait différent, situés dans une campagne militaire qui a précédé la guerre de Troie, dans un bien différent contexte géopolitique.
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This paper examines the Roman human sacrifices in situation of political violence, throughout the Republic and the Empire. First are considered the human sacrifices made in a private area, secondly the human sacrifices made in a public context.
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J. VANSCHOONWINKEL. — After a first paper devoted to the iconographical evidence from the temple of Ramesses III at Medinet Habu, this one analyzes the weapons of the Philistines from the textual evidence of the Old Testament, especially the description of the duel between Goliath and David. The scale-corset, the greaves of bronze, the javelin likened to a « weaver’s beam » and the singular contest give us some interesting information. In the problem of the supposed Aegean roots of the Philistine material culture, a close examination of the weapons and the singular contest shows that, apart from the greaves, they are typical in the ancient Near East at the end of the second millennium B.C.
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In this study, M.-F. Baslez, who studies particularly the religious movements in Anatolia and in the East Mediterranean Sea during the Greco-roman period, presents a very interesting new approach for our knowledge of the Galli sacerdotes, the priests of the Phrygian Goddess Cybele whose principal sanctuary in Asia Minor was situated at Pessinonte.
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A. DESTROOPER. — Some Cypriot coins have been found in hoards and isolated in Southern Asia minor…
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Some cuneiform texts found in the palace archives of Hattuša (BoÄŸazköy), the hittite capital, are the principal source of information for the history of the Aegean islands and western Asia Minor from 15th to 13th century BC. The question of the nature of Hittite involvement in Aegean area is one of the recurring problems arousing arduous debate about the Mycenaean-Hittite relations and the contacts between Hittite and Greeks towards Miletus (hittite Milawa(n)da), Aegean coast and islands (Lesbos/Lazpa ?). Although most of this study is obviously based on written sources, use is also made of the rich archaeological evidence about Mycenaean sites along the western coast of Anatolia and the nearest islands (Samos, Rhodes, Dodecanese).
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Ces dernières années, plusieurs découvertes significatives, réalisées notamment sur des sites tels que Kilise Tepe et Kinet Höyük, ont mis en exergue l’importance des fouilles archéologiques en Cilicie. L’étude de la céramique locale et de la céramique importée, exhumées depuis 2000, permet d’illustrer les relations entre la Cilicie et les plus proches régions avoisinantes de l’Anatolie méridionale, principalement durant l’âge du fer.
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In his contribution R. Lebrun gives a confirmation for the equation Alašiya = Cyprus. He presents also an historical approach relating to the hittito-luwian presence in the island, namely during the hittite Empire. The study is based on epigraphical and archaeological evidence.
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At the end of the late Bronze Age, Alashiya was characterized by a very mixed population: Mycenians, Hittites, “people of the sea”, Syrians.
The different excavations carried on the island show a general state of prosperity, with international trade expansion. Relations were numerous particularly with Ugarit as shown by the finding of a lot of cypriot ceramics in this city and its harbour, a specific writing, the settlement of Alashiyan people in Ugarit, letters sent between the two courts. The documentation unearthed from the “Urtenu’s house” confirms these relationships. People from Alashiya worked in Ugarit, Cyprus shifted copper, Ugarit horses, oil and handicrafts. Both royal courts exchanged “presents” and pieces of information; it might even be possible that they had been bound by mariage.
The different excavations carried on the island show a general state of prosperity, with international trade expansion. Relations were numerous particularly with Ugarit as shown by the finding of a lot of cypriot ceramics in this city and its harbour, a specific writing, the settlement of Alashiyan people in Ugarit, letters sent between the two courts. The documentation unearthed from the “Urtenu’s house” confirms these relationships. People from Alashiya worked in Ugarit, Cyprus shifted copper, Ugarit horses, oil and handicrafts. Both royal courts exchanged “presents” and pieces of information; it might even be possible that they had been bound by mariage.
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Drawing a parallel between Apollo and Telipinu as founders brings to light the numerous analogies between the foundation processes in ancient Greece and Anatolia. Such analogies, which can hardly be put down to a common Indo-European origin, lead us to wonder whether Anatolia did not play a prominent part in the building up of the Apollo-centered foundation process in ancient Greece.
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Drawing a parallel between Apollo and Telipinu as founders brings to light the numerous analogies between the foundation processes in ancient Greece and Anatolia. Such analogies, which can hardly be put down to a common Indo-European origin, lead us to wonder whether Anatolia did not play a prominent part in the building up of the Apollo-centered foundation process in ancient Greece.
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J. VANSCHOONWINKEL. — This contribution discusses the supposed Anatolian origin of the Minoan double axe suggested by many archaeologists and historians. The Cretan archaeological and iconographical evidence and the Anatolian one are firstly analysed…
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Dans l’article, l’auteur compare des types monétaires des ateliers de Metimna, Chios, Samos, Ialysos, Clazomènes, Siphnos et de l’île de Chypre avec ceux analogues de la Lycie : la documentation numismatique, à travers la transmission de modèles, témoigne de la présence de rapports entre les îles de la Méditerranée orientale et la Lycie. Cette documentation n’est cependant pas, toute seule, apte à clarifier la nature et l’intensité des pièces identiques.
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This paper is dealing with the problem of the interpretation of lunar splashes and phases of the moon, and their relationship with Egyptian myths and their complexity, in particular some Hermopolite beliefs. It gives an overview of the conception of the lunations and it attempts to follow the speculation in the Egyptian thought, by virtue of which the Egyptians – basing themselves on the habits of this mammal, its aspects, the ancient beliefs on the reproduction cycle of this species – would have formally interpretated lunar splashes as forming the shape of an hare or a doe, a belief attested in many civilisations, on which are based many Oriental and Mediterranean legends. This paper shows the gradual change of the primordial Hermopolite goddess Unut, the doe-goddess, from the stage of her first occurence during the Old Kingdom to the one of the classical texts in which her alter ego, Nehemetauy, is considered as Isis Thesmophora or Hegemonis and Dikaiosunè, deities traditionnally associating moon, legislation and justice. Finally, the paper tries to shed a new light on the relationship between hare, cats and lions in mythological Egyptian texts.
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L’emploi dans le hittite ancien des particules du discours, comprenant les connectifs, est analysé. On propose que la narration orale de cette période, qui change peu l’ordre des mots et use peu de la subordination, néanmoins maintient un style vif et immédiat et exprime délicates juxtapositions, contrastes et liens logiques entre les phrases au moyen des particules.
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The treaty between the Hittite King Suppiluliuma (c. 1350-1319 B.C.) and Niqmadu, the king of Ugarit (Ras Shamra) has been preserved in several akkadian (syllabic cuneiform) tablets and one ugaritic (alphabetic cuneiform) version (RS 11.772+ = KTU 3.1). The ugaritic text raises several problems of interpretation and datation. A daring study has recently suggested that the all texts relating to the treaty refer to the begin of Suppiluliyama (II) at the end of 13th century B.C. It seems impossible and must be excluded. The first record of Ugarit’s passage from Egyptian sphere of influence to Hittite fold is surely connected to Suppiluliuma’s actions in Syria around 1340-1330 B.C. and not to the Suppiluliyama’s reign (c. 1210-1185 B.C.).
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M.-C. TRÉMOUILLE, « I rituali magici ittiti », Res Antiquae 1, Brussels, 2004, p. 161-203.
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M.-C. TRÉMOUILLE, « I testi ittiti di medicina », Res Antiquae 1, Brussels, 2004, p. 209-225.
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C. VANDERSLEYEN, « Le relief d’Amenhotep Ier au Louvre B 58 = E 11278 », Res Antiquae 1, Brussels, 2004, p. 227-229.
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Christian CANNUYER. — After being initiated in 1891 by A. Hebbelynk at the School of Free Graduate Studies, the teaching of Coptic was incorporated three years later into the programm of the Faculty of Theology. In 1898, it became entrusted to P. Ladeuze, whose work on Pachomian cenobitism, favoring Coptic sources, quickly established itself and was brilliantly continued by L.-Th. Lefort…
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